In which cooking method is food exposed to direct radiant heat and turned during the process?

Broiling is a cooking method where food is exposed to direct radiant heat from above, typically using an oven broiler or a grill. This technique allows for quick cooking of items, producing a characteristic crispy exterior while sealing in moisture within the food. During broiling, food is usually placed on a grill or a broiler pan and is often turned or flipped to ensure even cooking and browning on both sides. This method is particularly effective for meats, fish, and vegetables that benefit from high-temperature cooking.

In contrast, baking involves surrounding food with dry heat in an oven, which typically does not involve direct radiant heat from above or turning the food during cooking. Roasting is similar but usually refers to cooking larger cuts of meat or whole vegetables, and it often incorporates a basting process rather than direct exposure to heat from above. Pan frying involves cooking food in a skillet with oil, also lacking the direct radiant heat element that characterizes broiling. Thus, the specific action of exposing food to direct heat and rotating it aligns closely with broiling as the correct answer.